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Brigadier-General Arthur Edward Aitken (1861–1924) was a British military commander. Born in Rochford〔 in Essex, by the time of the 1871 Census he was a 9-year old pupil at a school in Brighton, Sussex.〔1871 Census of Brighton, RG10/1087, Folio 92, Page 50, Arthur E Aitken, pupil, 13, 14, 15 Sillwood Place, Brighton.〕 He was commissioned from RMC Sandhurst in 1880 and saw active service in the Sudan in 1885.〔Paice (2008), p. 40.〕 Aitken was promoted full Colonel in 1911 and afterwards held the temporary rank of Brigadier-General. Following the outbreak of the First World War, Aitken, as a temporary Major-General, led the first notable incursion into German East Africa at the head of Indian Expeditionary Force B,〔 and was defeated at the Battle of Tanga in early November 1914.〔Chappell (2005), p.12.〕 The battle is often known as the "Battle of the Bees" for the swarms of bees that repeatedly interrupted fighting,〔Farwell (1989), p. 171.〕 with both sides fleeing for cover. Aitken was said to have been overconfident and not to have attempted any reconnaissance work in the area. The German defence forces were led by Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck,〔 who held out until the end of the war. Aitken's troops were routed and retreated.〔 There were delays in publishing the details in Britain. He was removed from his command and ultimately (in August 1915) reverted to the rank of Colonel. Later it was felt he had been made a scapegoat for the defeat and in 1920 he was formally exonerated. In November 1921 the Secretary of State for India said in the House of Commons that Colonel Aitken had been retired on full pension with the rank of honorary Brigadier-General, backdated to May 1918. During his final years General Aitken was a prominent local figure in Bath. Because of poor health he spent his final months in Italy and died there suddenly of a heart attack. ==Notes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arthur Aitken」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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